GHK-Cu (Pen)

GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper peptide first isolated from human plasma in 1973. It upregulates over 4,000 human genes, stimulates collagen synthesis, exerts antioxidant effects, and demonstrates broad anti-inflammatory activity. A well-established topical cosmetic ingredient with growing interest in systemic applications.

Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu acts as a biological signal of tissue damage. Plasma levels decline from ~200 ng/mL at age 20 to ~80 ng/mL by age 60.

Gene Expression Modulation
Genome-wide microarray studies identify broad modulation of COL1A1, COL3A1, antioxidant enzymes, and anti-inflammatory pathways, appearing to reset expression toward younger phenotypes.

Copper Transport
Delivers Cu²⁺ to lysyl oxidase (collagen crosslinking) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (antioxidant protection).

Topical use has established safety data; injectable research is primarily preclinical.