NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

A molecule naturally present in virtually every cell and is essential for normal cellular metabolism.

Its main jobs include:

• Energy production: NAD+ helps cells convert nutrients from food into usable energy (ATP), particularly through processes in the mitochondria.
• Electron transfer: It cycles between NAD+ and NADH, carrying electrons during metabolic reactions. This is fundamental to cellular respiration.
• DNA maintenance: NAD+ is used by enzymes such as PARPs, which participate in DNA-damage responses and repair.
• Cell signalling: It is required by enzymes called sirtuins, which are involved in metabolism, stress responses and regulation of cellular functions.

Why is NAD+ associated with ageing?

NAD+ metabolism has become an important area of ageing research. NAD+ availability can change with age and metabolic state, and researchers are investigating whether altering NAD+ metabolism could influence age-associated biological processes.